Dry Mouth

What do I need to know about dry mouth?
Everyone has a dry mouth once in a while, if they are nervous, upset or under stress. But if you have a dry mouth all or most of the time, it can be uncomfortable and can lead to serious health problems.
Dry mouth...

• Can cause difficulties in tasting, chewing, swallowing, and speaking
• Can increase your chance of developing dental decay and other infectionsin the mouth
• Can be a sign of certain diseases and conditions
• Can be caused by certain medications or medical treatments

Dry mouth is not a normal part of aging. So if you think you have dry mouth, see your dentist or physician , there are things you can do to get relief.

What is dry mouth?
Dry mouth is the condition of not having enough saliva, or spit, to keep your
mouth wet.

Symptoms include:

• A sticky, dry feeling in the mouth
• Trouble chewing, swallowing, tasting, or speaking
• A burning feeling in the mouth
• A dry feeling in the throat
• Cracked lips
• A dry, tough tongue
• Mouth sores
• An infection in the mouth

Why is saliva so important?
Saliva does more than keep the mouth wet.

• It helps digest food
• It protects teeth from decay
• It prevents infection by controlling bacteria and fungi in the mouth
• It makes it possible for you to chew and swallow

Without enough saliva you can develop tooth decay or other infections in the mouth. You also might not get the nutrients you need if you cannot chew and swallow certain foods.

What causes dry mouth?
People get dry mouth when the glands in the mouth that make saliva are not working properly. Because of this, there might not be enough saliva to keep your mouth wet. There are several reasons why these glands (called salivary glands) might not work right.

• Side effects of some medicines More than 400 medicines can cause thesalivary glands to make less saliva. Medicines for high blood pressure anddepression often cause dry mouth.
• Disease Some diseases affect the salivary glands. Sjogren's Syndrome,HIV/AIDS, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease can all cause dry mouth.
• Radiation therapy The salivary glands can be damaged if they are exposedto radiation during cancer treatment.
• Chemotherapy Drugs used to treat cancer can make saliva thicker, causingthe mouth to feel dry.
• Nerve damage Injury to the head or neck can damage the nerves that tellsalivary glands to make saliva.

What can be done about dry mouth?
Dry mouth treatment will depend on what is causing the problem. If you think
you have dry mouth, see your dentist or physician. He or she can try to determine what is causing your dry mouth.

• If your dry mouth is caused by medicine, your physician might change yourmedicine or adjust the dosage.
• If your salivary glands are not working right but can still produce somesaliva, your physician or dentist might give you a medicine (called pilocarpine)that helps the glands work better.
• Your physician or dentist might suggest that you use artificial salivato keep your mouth wet.

What can I do?

• Sip water or sugarless drinks often.
• Avoid drinks with caffeine, such as coffee, tea, and some sodas. Caffeinecan dry out the mouth.
• Sip water or a sugarless drink during meals. This will make chewing andswallowing easier. It may also improve the taste of food.
• Chew sugarless gum or suck on sugarless hard candy to stimulate salivaflow; citrus, cinnamon or mint-flavored candies are good choices.
• Don't use tobacco or alcohol. They dry out the mouth.
• Be aware that spicy or salty foods may cause pain in a dry mouth.
• Use a humidifier at night.

Tips for keeping your teeth healthy
Remember, if you have dry mouth, you need to be extra careful to keep your teeth
healthy. Make sure you:

• Gently brush your teeth at least twice a day.
• Floss your teeth every day.
• Use toothpaste with fluoride in it. Most toothpastes sold at grocery anddrug stores have fluoride in them.
• Avoid sticky, sugary foods. If you do eat them, brush immediately afterwards.
  
• Visit your dentist for a check-up at least twice a year. Your dentist mightgive you a special fluoride solution that you can rinse with to help keepyour teeth healthy.

Content from:
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD 20892-2190